Kidney & Urinary Tract Problems
Kidney is one of the important organs of animals. All animals have two kidneys, located in the abdomen near the liver and stomach. Kidneys have three main important functions: First, they filter the blood and remove toxins or metabolic waste products. Second, they balance electrolytes and water in the blood. Finally, they produce important chemicals and hormones that promote the secretion of erythropoietin (EPO) and regulate the blood.
Unfortunately, kidney failure is very common in cats. Although kidney failure can occur in cats of any age, older cats are more susceptible. When the glomeruli (nephrons) are damaged, the kidneys are less able to filter waste and toxins from the urine, leading to kidney failure. Kidney failure can be divided into two types: acute and chronic. Acute kidney failure is usually caused by toxins or infections, while chronic kidney failure often worsens with age.
Early symptoms of kidney failure are often subtle, and your pet may appear listless or tired. However, as the disease progresses and kidney function gradually deteriorates, the pet will become increasingly weak and uncomfortable. Typical symptoms include weight loss, loss of appetite, increased water intake and urination, weakness and tiredness, vomiting and bad breath.
The earlier kidney problems are detected, the sooner treatment can begin, thereby improving treatment effectiveness and quality of life. If your pet exhibits the above symptoms or you are concerned about its kidney health, it is recommended that you take your pet to a veterinary clinic immediately for a check-up.
Older cats or dogs (7 years or older) are at higher risk for kidney disease than younger animals. When your veterinarian suspects your pet has kidney disease, the following diagnostic steps may be recommended:
- Physical examination : Check for signs of kidney disease such as dehydration and urine-smelling breath.
- Blood tests : Check kidney function and observe blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood creatinine (Creatinine) and phosphorus (Phosphorus) levels. An increase in these indices indicates deterioration of kidney function; in severe cases, the phosphorus index increases and red blood cell levels decrease.
- Urine test : Checks the concentration and chemicals in the urine. Low-concentration urine and an increase in urine protein may indicate kidney function problems.
- Ultrasound : Examines the shape, size, and structure of the kidneys to look for atrophy or other abnormal tissue.
Early diagnosis is one of the important factors in successfully treating kidney problems. With advances in blood tests and medical imaging, kidney dysfunction can be identified even before clinical symptoms appear. We recommend that all older cats and dogs (especially those over 13 years of age) have annual blood tests to detect potential kidney problems.
The treatment of renal failure involves the cooperation of many aspects, and dietary habits are one of the most important factors. In addition, maintaining adequate hydration cannot be ignored, and sometimes medication is required.
Diet management
Dietary management is the basis for treating renal failure. Pets with kidney problems should eat specialty prescription diets such as Hills Prescription K/D Diet and Royal Canin Renal. These prescription foods are usually low in protein and can reduce the burden on the kidneys. Although owners can make homemade food for their pets, it is important to ensure that the protein and vitamin levels in the food are accurate and balanced, so it is usually recommended to use commercially available prescription food.
Phosphorus level management
Due to hormonal changes, phosphorus excretion is reduced in kidney failure and phosphorus levels in the blood increase. Excessive phosphorus levels may damage other organs, such as the liver, or cause intestinal ulcers and bleeding. Prescription kidney foods are often low in phosphorus, and your veterinarian may recommend phosphorus-lowering medications.
red blood cell levels
Animals with chronic renal failure often have insufficient erythropoietin (EPO), leading to anemia, which makes the animal weak, difficult to breathe, and even life-threatening. Your veterinarian may recommend an injection of EPO to boost red blood cell production.
moisture management
Maintaining a normal water balance in the body is essential for kidney function. When kidney function deteriorates, the kidneys require more water to function effectively. The veterinarian may recommend providing additional water bowls to encourage the pet to drink more water; may also provide subcutaneous rehydration if needed, or recommend hospitalization for saline administration in severe cases.
drug treatment
Some pets with kidney failure require medication to stabilize blood pressure, balance electrolytes, and increase appetite.
Nutritional supplements
Using nutritional supplements can help maintain vitamin and mineral balance. Omega 3 supplements can reduce inflammation and maintain antioxidant levels.
Through the above comprehensive treatment methods, the quality of life of pets suffering from renal failure can be effectively improved.